Orchard water-saving technology includes two aspects: orchard water-saving water transmission technology and orchard water-saving irrigation method:
1. Orchard water-saving water transmission technology
Low-pressure pipeline water transmission irrigation technology Low-pressure pipeline water transmission irrigation technology It is a new technology that directly introduces low-pressure water flow into orchard irrigation through pumps and pipeline systems. It is a new form of engineering water conservation that uses pipelines instead of open channels for water transportation irrigation.
, Canal lining and anti-seepage technology Canal irrigation is currently the main method of orchard irrigation in my country. Traditional earth canals will cause a large amount of water loss due to leakage during the irrigation process, and the leakage loss accounts for about % to % of the total irrigation water diversion. Channel lining and anti-seepage technology are currently the most widely used water-saving irrigation measures.
2. Orchard water-saving irrigation methods
Ground irrigation. Common orchard ground irrigation methods include: field irrigation, furrow irrigation, hole irrigation, etc.
, sprinkler irrigation. Use water pumps to pressurize water and send it to the orchard. It has the advantages of saving water, saving labor, saving land, preserving soil, preserving fertilizer, increasing production, strong adaptability, and facilitating the realization of water conservancy mechanization and automation.
Micro-irrigation. Micro-irrigation is a new type of water-saving irrigation technology, including drip irrigation, micro-sprinkler irrigation, etc. This method has the advantages of water saving, energy saving, synchronization of water and fertilizer, easy operation, strong adaptability, and high quality of bagged water.
, medium and deep irrigation. The water storage pit irrigation method is to dig several small water storage pits around the trunk at the radius of the tree crown. During irrigation, water is injected into the pits and penetrates into the root zone soil through the pit walls. It has the advantages of water saving, water retention, drought resistance, yield increase, convenient fertilization and prevention of soil erosion.
. Film irrigation technology. Film irrigation is based on mulching film cultivation. It changes the previous irrigation on the side of the mulch film to irrigation on the film. During the process of water flow advancing on the film, the fruit trees are treated through the seedling holes and additional holes. irrigation. It is a new water-saving irrigation technology developed in recent years. It has the advantages of low investment, easy operation, easy control of water volume, and high uniformity of irrigation.
, seepage irrigation. It is delivered to the seepage device through a low-pressure pipeline, and slowly delivers water and water-soluble fertilizers and drugs directly to the roots of the crops. It has the advantages of water saving, energy saving, time saving, labor saving, increased production, low investment, long service life and improved crop growth environment. However, it also has the disadvantages of easy clogging of micropores in the pipeline and uneven irrigation.
Small pipe outflow irrigation technology uses a pipe network to transport and distribute pressurized water to the fields, and uses small plastic pipes to connect to the final water transmission and distribution pipelines, so that the irrigation water flows into the ring ditch or tree row grid surrounding each fruit tree. Ditch, infiltrate the soil along the ditch, and provide the right amount of water needed by the crops at the right time. It mainly has the following advantages: not easy to block, simple water purification treatment, convenient fertilization, significant water saving effect, strong adaptability, and suitable for various terrains.
Fruit farmers should choose a number of technically mature and economically feasible irrigation methods based on the specific conditions of different regions and local conditions.
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